The 1964 film has been reclassified from a U, which stands for universal, to a PG, for parental guidance.
In it, a derogatory term originally used by white Europeans about nomadic peoples in southern Africa is used to refer to soot-faced chimney-sweeps.
That now “exceeds our guidelines” for U films, the BBFC said.
The film is set in London in 1910 and follows a magical nanny, played by Dame Julie, who looks after a family’s children with the help of Bert, a busking chimney-sweep played by Dick Van Dyke.
It won five Oscars in 1965, including best actress and best song.
In the film, Admiral Boom, a neighbour and Naval veteran who thinks he is still in charge of a ship, uses the word twice.
The British Board of Film Classification said it classified the film in 1964 and then again for a re-release in 2013.
“Most recently, the film was resubmitted to us in February 2024 for another theatrical re-release, and we reclassified it PG for discriminatory language,” a spokesperson said.
“Mary Poppins (1964) includes two uses of the discriminatory term ‘hottentots’.
“While Mary Poppins has a historical context, the use of discriminatory language is not condemned, and ultimately exceeds our guidelines for acceptable language at U. We therefore classified the film PG for discriminatory language.”
The Oxford English Dictionary says the term, which referred to the Khoikhoi and San people, is “generally considered both archaic and offensive”.
The BBFC said its research about racism and discrimination showed that a key concern for people, particularly parents, was “the potential to expose children to discriminatory language or behaviour which they may find distressing or repeat without realising the potential offence”.
The organisation says a PG rating “should not unsettle a child aged around eight or older” and that “unaccompanied children of any age may watch, but parents are advised to consider whether the content may upset younger, or more sensitive, children.
A U rating means a film should be “suitable for audiences aged four years and over” although the website adds “it is impossible to predict what might upset any particular child”.
Image caption,Kim Petras has been releasing music since she was 12 years old, achieving mainstream success with her Sam Smith collaboration Unholy in 2022
Titled Slut Pop Miami, it’s an outrageous, sex-positive, club-ready tribute to the joys of carnal pleasure.
Released on Valentines’ Day, it was inspired by “hedonistic trips to Miami” and joins a lineage of explicit, transgressive pop, from Madonna’s Erotica to Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion’s WAP.
“Stirring up the culture and raising eyebrows has been in the DNA of pop forever,” Petras tells the BBC.
The EP is the German-born star’s third release since last June, following her debut album Feed The Beast and Problématique, a surprise release of an earlier, scrapped project.
This flurry of activity followed her appearance on Sam Smith’s global chart-topper Unholy – which made Petras the first openly transgender artist to have a US number one and the first trans artist to win a major category Grammy.
Her mainstream breakout followed years of hard graft. Petras started uploading cover songs to MySpace in 2007, and later gambled on a move to Los Angeles in the hope of becoming a pop star.
“I played every gay club in America, I danced on every single bar and I built my following from the ground up,” she says.
“I didn’t have my breakthrough until Unholy but, to get to that stage, I had to release multiple songs as an independent artist and prove to record labels that there’s a fanbase out there for me.”
That determination paid off. Now signed to Republic Records (home to Taylor Swift and Ariana Grande), she’s in the middle of a sold-out, 40-date world tour.
On a rare day off, Petras called the BBC to reflect on her career to date.
Image caption,The singer’s biggest songs include I Don’t Want It At All, Heart To Break and Coconuts
Hey Kim! Are we interrupting your vocal rest?
Not today, I have a bunch of things lined up. But usually, between shows, I just shut up for two whole days. It’s the only thing that works for singers who actually sing.
Ah yes, you have a policy of never miming. How come?
I just feel ripped off if I go to a show and the artist isn’t singing.
When you sing live, it makes the show different every night. Your performance reflects the energy of the crowd. If they’re into it, you’re going to hit all the high notes and do all the crazy runs. And knowing that gives the fans motivation to go crazy as well.
It helps that you have a really strong voice…
Well, I’ve always been really loud! I used to get in trouble with my neighbours because I love diva singers like Freddie Mercury or Cher, so it felt right for me to sing big.
How did you train yourself to emulate Cher?
Well, at first, you blow out your voice a bunch, until you realise you’re screaming and doing it wrong. I used to sing from my throat a lot – for us Germans the “R” sounds are in our throats. Then you adjust and learn to sing from your body, not your throat.
Image caption,The singer’s world tour wraps in her home country of Germany next month
It’s nice to hear that. So many interviews about your childhood focus on your gender transition, but music was always important?
Absolutely. I was always singing. Music was my happy place and honestly very helpful in my transition. I went through that stuff very early [Petras completed gender reassignment surgery at 16] and music allowed me to sing and twirl and forget about how the world reacted to me.
Once I started learning how to write, it immediately became my job. I figured, OK, you live in the middle of nowhere, no-one’s going to write songs for you, so you’d better learn to do it yourself.
I wanted to be like an Indiana Jones of music and find the magic formula to pop.
Does that explain why your songs are so upbeat and escapist, even now?
Totally. I think there’s a double standard in music where the stuff that gets taken seriously is sad and depressed, because those emotions are so hard. But a lot of the time, I feel very depressed and the way to get myself out of it is to write a ridiculous song. If I write a sad one, it’s just going to make me sadder.
So, for me, making happy songs, or slutty songs, takes just as much effort as writing a slow ballad. Just because it doesn’t seem like there’s any hurt or pain going into the creation of that, it doesn’t mean it’s not there.
Can you imagine a time where you would write about the things you went through as a teenager?
I try to stay away from the past. I find the past quite useless. I’m more focused on new and exciting things. But yeah, I definitely feel like, after releasing so many different projects, I need to go down new routes. Maybe it would be more about the stuff I’m currently going through, rather than the past.
Image caption,The star embraces hedonism on her Slut Pop project and played the character of a serial killer on her Halloween-themed Turn Off The Light mixtape
The lyrics on Slut Pop aren’t especially deep, but the idea of relishing and celebrating sex still feels quite radical in pop. Why do you think that is?
It’s something I feel strongly about. I’ve always been surrounded by incredible women. Even at school, the people who stood up for me and understood my condition were female.
And I think men’s desire to control women’s bodies has been the plague of this planet forever. It very much goes hand in hand with being transgender. The people who wanted to forbid me to transition are the same ones who want to forbid women to have abortions or have sex and even make money from it.
I’m a big fan of Madonna’s work, and I feel like, when she celebrated sex in Erotica and her Sex book, people misunderstood it as just filth. But female sexuality isn’t filth, and it shouldn’t be written off like that. Neither is trans-feminine sexuality or anyone’s sexuality. I think everybody should be equal.
That’s not to say Slut Pop is a big political statement. It’s supposed to just be fun, but the conversation it stirs up is a good thing.
A lot of the Slut Pop songs have blown up on TikTok. What are your thoughts on Universal Music removing music, including yours, from the app while they argue over royalty payments?
I feel very protected by Universal. I know people who have number one records and can’t afford their rent, so I’m proud Universal is taking a stand.
Of course, right now, all of us Universal artists are screwed a little bit, but you’ve gotta take one for the team. The intentions are noble. It’s about musicians making money from their art – and not just the famous faces, but the songwriters and the people behind the scenes. I feel like it’s a really good fight.
Image caption,Kim Petras and Sam Smith won the Grammy Award for best pop duo/group performance last year, and were introduced on stage by Madonna
When royalty payments are so low, do you ever think about going back to your first job and writing advertising jingles?
Me and my friends still make jingles all the time, just for fun. And if I ever had a stroke of genius and came up with something where I’m like, ‘This has laundry detergent written all over it’, then, for sure, I’m not above it.
And about the money thing: I know what it’s like to struggle and be a songwriter who lives on a studio couch and goes a year without getting any songs released but, at the end of the day, as long as I can write music, I’m happy. The money part is really for my fans. I want to put on the best show for them.
You’re opening the Euro 2024 football tournament this summer. What can you tell us about that?
I’m over the moon about it. Soccer is such a big part of German culture, so it feels like a huge deal. I have so many memories of watching matches with my friends and getting absolutely hammered, so it’s gonna be crazy!https://blejermot.com/
Plus, the opening match is Germany v Scotland, so there’ll be a lot of kilts in the stadium.
Under the law, over-18s in Germany will be allowed to possess substantial amounts of cannabis, but strict rules will make it difficult to buy the drug.
Smoking cannabis in many public spaces will become legal from 1 April.
Possession of up to 25g, equivalent to dozens of strong joints, is to be allowed in public spaces. In private homes the legal limit will be 50g.
Already police in some parts of Germany, such as Berlin, often turn a blind eye to smoking in public, although possession of the drug for recreational use is illegal and can be prosecuted. Use of the drug among young people has been soaring for years despite the existing law, says Health Minister Karl Lauterbach, who is instigating the reforms.
But legal cannabis cafes will not suddenly spring up all over the country.
A ferocious debate about decriminalising cannabis has been raging for years in Germany, with doctors’ groups expressing concerns for young people and conservatives saying that liberalisation will fuel drug use.
After a stormy session on Friday in the Bundestag, Germany’s parliament, the vote was eventually passed by 407 votes to 226.
Simone Borchardt of the opposition conservative CDU told MPs that the government had gone ahead with its “completely unnecessary, confused law” regardless of warnings from doctors, police and psychotherapists.
But Mr Lauterbach said the current situation was no longer tenable: “The number of consumers aged between 18 and 25 has doubled in the past 10 years.”
After the vote he said the law would “dry out the black market” and fix “a failed drug policy”.
As so often in Germany, the law approved by MPs is complicated.
Smoking cannabis in some areas, such as near schools and sports grounds, will still be illegal. Crucially, the market will be strictly regulated so buying the drug will not be easy.
Original plans to allow licensed shops and pharmacies to sell cannabis have been scrapped over EU concerns that this could lead to a surge in drug exports.
Instead, non-commercial members’ clubs, dubbed “cannabis social clubs”, will grow and distribute a limited amount of the drug.
Each club will have an upper limit of 500 members, consuming cannabis onsite will not be allowed, and membership will only be available to German residents.
Growing your own cannabis will also be permitted, with up to three marijuana plants allowed per household.
This means that Germany could be in the paradoxical position of allowing possession of rather large amounts of the drug, while at the same time making it difficult to purchase.
Regular smokers would benefit, but occasional users would struggle to buy it legally and tourists would be excluded. Critics say this will simply fuel the black market.
Over the next few years, the government wants to assess the impact of the new law, and eventually introduce the licensed sale of cannabis.
But given how tortuous the debate has been so far, nothing is certain.
Meanwhile, opposition conservatives say that if they get into government next year, they will scrap the law entirely. Germany is unlikely to become Europe’s new Amsterdam anytime soon.https://blejermot.com/
Guardiola has led Manchester City to the Premier League title in each of the past three seasons, and in five of his six completed campaigns at Etihad Stadium.
City won the Treble of Champions League, Premier League and FA Cup in 2022-23 and Guardiola has won 14 major trophies since taking charge in the summer of 2016.
Manchester United have won three trophies since Guardiola arrived across the city but new investor Ratcliffe has high hopes of bridging that gap in the near future.
Speaking to BBC Sport earlier this week, Ratcliffe spoke about building a new state-of-the-art stadium close to the current Old Trafford ground, while he also revealed an ambition to develop the squad as they attempt to become more competitive on all fronts.
Guardiola, speaking before Saturday’s Premier League trip to Bournemouth, said: “It’s not about [being] worried. I’m pretty sure with Sir Jim Ratcliffe and the other people that United are going to take a step forwards.
“I feel that they know exactly what they have to do, appoint the people they need to appoint with their experience in the business world to make projects better.
“But that is normal. It’s not just United – all the teams want it. We want to be there and as long as I’m here, we will try to be there again.
“What I want is Man City, my team, being there. The rest, I don’t care.”
Manchester City are second in the Premier League and four points behind leaders Liverpool, although they have a game in hand, while Manchester United are sixth.https://blejermot.com/
He has been sentenced to four and a half years in prison.
The 40-year-old, who is one of the most decorated footballers in history, had denied sexually assaulting the woman in the early hours of 31 December 2022.
His lawyer had asked for his acquittal and said she would appeal against the verdict.
A lawyer for the victim welcomed the verdict, saying that it “recognises what we have always known: the truth [as told] by the victim and the suffering there has been”.
As well as handing Alves a four-and-a-half year sentence, the court said he should face a further five years’ probation.
The prosecution had asked for a nine-year prison sentence. In Spain, a claim of rape is investigated under the general accusation of sexual assault, and convictions can lead to prison sentences of four to 15 years.
According to Spanish media, the court took into account Alves’s decision to pay the victim €150,000 (£128,500) in damages regardless of the outcome of the trial when it decided on the length of his prison term.
The court did not, however, accept the argument put forward by his lawyers that he should be given a more lenient sentence because he was drunk.
His wife Joana Sanz, 31, said he had appeared very drunk when he got back to their Barcelona home the night of the rape and had bumped into furniture before collapsing on the bed.
Prosecutors said Alves and his friend had bought champagne for three young women before Alves lured one of them to a VIP area of the nightclub with a toilet which she had no knowledge of.
They argued that it was at this point he turned violent, forcing the woman to have sex despite her repeated requests to leave.
Alves had maintained she could have left “if she wanted to”. However, the court found that she did not consent.
Spanish law was changed recently to enshrine the importance of consent under the so-called “Only Yes is Yes” principle.
In a statement, the court said there was evidence other than the victim’s testimony that proved that she had been raped.
It said Alves had “abruptly grabbed the complainant” and thrown her to the ground. He had then raped her while preventing her from moving as “the complainant said no and wanted to leave”, it added.
The woman said the rape had caused her “anguish and terror”, and one of her friends who was with her on the night described how the 23-year-old had cried “uncontrollably” after leaving the bathroom.
Alves has been held in pre-trial detention since January 2023 and has changed his testimony on a number of occasions.
He first denied knowing his accuser only to claim later that he had met her in the toilet but that nothing had happened between them.
He then changed his version of events again, saying that they had had consensual sex. “We were both enjoying ourselves,” he alleged.
Alves played more than 400 times for Barcelona, winning six league titles and three Champions Leagues across two spells with the club. He was also part of Brazil’s 2022 World Cup squad.
He has won trophies playing for Sevilla, Juventus and PSG and is among Brazil’s most capped internationals, with 126 appearances.https://blejermot.com/
Warning: Readers may find some of the details below distressing.
Nawara al-Najjar was asleep in the tent that had been her family’s home in Rafah for the last five weeks, just a few hundred metres away from the site of the rescue raid.
Lying on the ground were Nawara, who is six months pregnant, her six children – ranging in age from 13 to four – and her husband Abed-Alrahman.
They had fled from their home in Khan Younis, about 9km (6 miles) north, following the instructions of the Israel Defense Forces who said Rafah was a safe area.
Before falling asleep, the couple discussed what to do about two of their children who had been injured. Their son had been burned by scalding food, and their daughter was recovering from facial paralysis caused by trauma in the early stages of the war.
Before they became refugees, Abed-Alrahman did whatever work he could find to support his family, often as a labourer on farms.
They were a strong couple who always tried to solve problems together.
“My husband was anxious, thinking about how he would find a way to treat them and where to take them,” Nawara says. “Our neighbours said they wanted to take my daughter to a doctor for treatment… So, we decided that he would be in charge of our son, and I would be in charge of my daughter.”
Then something unusual happened. Nawara usually slept surrounded by the children. But that night, Abed-Alrahman asked to change the arrangement. “Before he went to sleep, he asked me to come and sleep next to him. It was the first time he said, ‘Come sleep with me’.”
They fell into the exhausted sleep of refugee life. Then shortly before 02:00 (00:00 GMT), Nawara woke to the sound of shooting.
Abed-Alrahman said he would go out and see what was happening.
Nawara says: “Our oldest son was telling him, ‘Dad, please don’t go out’. [Abed-Alrahman] was trying to reassure him that nothing would happen; my son was telling him not to go out, that he would die.”
Then she felt a searing pain in her head. Shrapnel from an explosion had ripped into the tent.
Nawara started screaming. At first she could not see anything. After some minutes her vision returned in time to see Abed-Alrahman in his death throes. She remembers the “rattle” of his final breaths.
“When my children first saw him, they were screaming, ‘Oh, father, oh father, don’t leave us, don’t leave us’. I told them, ‘Stay away from your father. Just pray for him’.”
Daughter Malak, aged 13, was hit in the eye by a splinter of shrapnel. Four other children sustained minor wounds. They also endured the trauma of what they heard and saw – the explosions and their father being carried away to hospital. Later that night, in a hospital filled with other victims, it was confirmed to Nawara that Abed-Alrahman was dead.
Weeping, she asks: “What was his sin? What was his children’s sin? What’s my sin? I became a widow at 27.
Malak says she was taken to three different hospitals to try and get treatment, but she lost her eye.
“I was not treated immediately. Only after three days was my surgery performed. I was injured in the eye and I was also shot in my waist. I’m in pain, pain, pain.”
Then Malak became distraught, and cried out: “I lost my dad. Enough!”
Image caption,Malak al-Najjar, aged 13, lost an eye on the same night of the Israeli military raid
According to the health ministry, run under the direction of the Hamas government in Gaza, at least 74 people were killed during the raid in the early hours of 12 February.
It is not possible to say precisely how many of the dead were civilians and how many were fighters. But witnesses and medical sources suggest a high proportion of the dead were non-combatants. The independent Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, based in Gaza, using details obtained from hospital lists, says 27 children and 22 women were among those killed.
Mohammed al-Zaarab, 45, a father-of-10 from Khan Younis, also fled to Rafah believing it would be safe. He remembers being woken in his tent by the intensity of the assault. “They were shelling with helicopters, with F-16 jets …My son was shot in his hand. Our neighbour was shot in the head.”
The following day, Mohammed’s elderly father felt unwell. He took him to the doctor, but soon after the old man died of a heart attack. “I buried him. Today is the third day in his grave. Why is this happening to us?” he asks.
The International Medical Corps – which provides emergency aid in crisis zones around the world – runs a field hospital near the scene. Dr Javed Ali, a surgeon from Pakistan, was jolted awake by the first strikes and went to shelter in a safe room in the staff quarters near the hospital.
“Aside from the air strikes, we were hearing tanks in the background, there was active exchange of fire from small firearms, as well as a helicopter gunship that was going over the hospital fighting and firing in all directions. So, it was very, very scary. We thought that this was it.”
Hearing the sound of ambulances, the medics decided to leave the safe room and help. Along with the wounded came women and children seeking shelter.
“The hospital itself is a tent structure. So there were a lot of concerns. Obviously, if there is any strike towards the hospital it will be devastating, but we had to make a decision to save as many patients as possible.”
Image caption,Nawara al-Najjar, sitting with some of her children, was injured by shrapnel that ripped into her tent on 12 February
Many of the dead were thought to be still lying under the rubble of destroyed houses. Another doctor – from the international agency Médecins Sans Frontières – sent a series of anguished voice messages to colleagues in London after sunrise on 12 February.
She described lying across her children’s bodies to protect them as shrapnel flew through the windows of the room where they were sheltering. The doctor has given the BBC permission to quote the messages but wants to remain anonymous.
Her account of what she found after the raid is harrowing.
“At our home when we were checking, I found pieces of human flesh. We found a whole lower limb belonging to a human that we don’t know who he is. When I saw the pieces of flesh on the floor, I cried.”
Since the beginning of the IDF incursion into Gaza, the military has accused Hamas of using the civilian population as human shields, and using medical facilities to conceal military operations and hide hostages.
The rescue of two hostages – Fernando Simon Marman, 60, and Louis Har, 70 – in Rafah this month was a rare success for the Israeli teams searching for more than 130 people, including two children, still believed to be held captive.
In a statement to the BBC about the events of 12 February, an IDF spokesman said it was “committed to mitigating civilian harm” during military operations. Military lawyers advised commanders so that strikes complied with international legal obligations.
The statement says: “This process is designed to ensure that senior commanders have all reasonably available information and professional advice that will ensure compliance with the Law of Armed Conflict, including by providing ‘Target Cards’ which facilitate an analysis that is conducted on a strike-by-strike basis, and takes into account the expected military advantage and the likely collateral civilian harm, amongst other matters.
“Even where circumstances do not allow for a targeting process involving this level of deliberate pre-planning and pre-approval, IDF regulations emphasise that commanders and soldiers must still comply with the Law of Armed Conflict.”
Image caption,Israeli hostages Fernando Simon Marman and Louis Har were reunited with their families shortly after being rescued on 12 February
Human rights organisations have previously accused Israel of using disproportionate force. In a statement on 8 February – four days before the hostage raid – Human Rights Watch warned that Israel “might be carrying out unlawfully indiscriminate attacks. When it comes to the question of whether Israel is violating the law in Gaza, there is enough smoke to suspect a fire”.
In December US President Joe Biden warned Israel against “indiscriminate bombing” in Gaza.
Any legal deliberation on whether the raid constituted a disproportionate use of force, and therefore a war crime, must await an independent investigation. With no end to the war in sight, that process may take a long time.
The anonymous MSF doctor who found body parts in her home is deeply pessimistic.
“To be honest, the one who died is the one who is lucky… the one who is left has been cursed and abandoned by all people around the world. It’s not fair… I don’t know how anybody can sleep knowing that our kids are suffering for nothing. We are only civilians.”
Her message comes from inside the frightened, claustrophobic confines of Rafah, where 1.5 million people – six times its normal population – have sought shelter.
Israel is threatening an invasion of Rafah in the next few weeks, necessary, it says, to destroy Hamas. The fear for the refugees is that the horror of 12 February will soon be overtaken by new miseries, and forgotten by the international community.
“I know that this message means nothing to a lot of people,” the MSF doctor says, “and will change nothing”.https://blejermot.com/
Internal Russian government documents, seen by the BBC, also detail how it is working to change mining laws in West Africa, with the ambition of dislodging Western companies from an area of strategic importance.
This is part of the process of the Russian government taking over the businesses of the Wagner mercenary group, broken up after a failed coup in June 2023.
The multibillion dollar operations are now mostly being run as the Russian “Expeditionary Corps”, managed by the man accused of being behind the attempt to murder Sergei Skripal using the Novichok nerve agent on the streets of the UK – a charge Russia has denied.
“This is the Russian state coming out of the shadows in its Africa policy,” says Jack Watling, land warfare specialist at the Royal United Services Institute (Rusi) and one of the report’s authors.
Back in June 2023, Yevgeny Prigozhin was probably the most feared and famous mercenary in the world. His Wagner Group was in control of billions of dollars’ worth of companies and projects, while his fighters were central to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Then, he decided to march on Moscow, ostensibly calling for the removal of the defence minister and head of the general staff, but in reality threatening President Vladimir Putin in a way no-one had before.
Within weeks he had died in a highly suspicious plane crash, along with much of the Wagner leadership. There was widespread speculation at the time about what would happen to the Wagner Group. Now, we have the answer.
According to Dr Watling, “there was a meeting in the Kremlin fairly shortly after Prigozhin’s mutiny, in which it was decided that Wagner’s Africa operations would fall directly under the control of Russian military intelligence, the GRU”.
Control was to be handed to Gen Andrey Averyanov, head of Unit 29155, a secretive operation specialising in targeting killings and destabilising foreign governments.
But it seems Gen Averyanov’s new business was not destabilising governments, but rather securing their future, as long as they paid by signing away their mineral rights.
In early September, accompanied by deputy Defence Minister Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, Gen Averyanov began a tour of former Wagner operations in Africa.
They started in Libya, meeting warlord Gen Khalifa Haftar. Their next stop was Burkina Faso where they were greeted by 35-year-old coup leader Ibrahim Traoré.
Image caption,This banner in the Central African Republic reads: Russia is Wagner, we love Russia and we love Wagner
On a subsequent trip they also met General Salifou Modi, one of the military men who seized power in Niger last year.
Readouts of the various meetings demonstrate that the two men were reassuring Wagner’s partners on the continent that the demise of Prigozhin did not mean the end of his business deals.
Reports of the meeting with Capt Traoré of Burkina Faso confirmed cooperation would continue in “the military domain, including the training of Burkinabe officer cadets and officers at all levels, including pilots in Russia”.
In short, the death of Prigozhin did not mean the end for the junta’s relationship with Russia. In some ways, it would become deeper still.
The three West African states with close links to Wagner – Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso – have all experienced military takeovers in recent years. They have since announced their withdrawal from the regional bloc Ecowas, and the creation of their own “Alliance of Sahel States”.
Maybe the most entwined with the mercenaries was Mali, where an ongoing Islamist insurgency, combined with multiple coups, had left an essentially failed state.
Previously, security assistance had come in the form of the UN mission known as Minusma, alongside the French military’s long-running counter-insurgency operation.
But there was no particular fondness for France, the former colonial power, and so when the Wagner group offered to replace their security operations with Russian backing, the offer was accepted.
“The French were tolerated, rather than welcomed,” says Edwige Sorgho-Depagne, an analyst of African politics who works for Amber Advisers.
“The French mandate to help in the terror crisis in the Sahel was always regarded as limited in time. So, the fact that the French stayed for that long – over 10 years – without finding a way to end the crisis didn’t help”.
Image caption,These flowers commemorating Yevgeny Prigozhin and Dmitry Utkin were laid at a monument to Russian mercenaries in CAR
Beyond pragmatism, there was also nostalgia. “In these countries, Russia is not a new ally. Russia was there before in the 1970s and 1980s.”
“There’s this dream of getting back to a better time, which is often associated with the relationship with Russia.”
But for the military juntas running these countries, Russia’s military presence has obvious benefits.
“Initially, these juntas were transitional leaders. They were supposed to organise elections and bring about a return to democratic institutions.”
“But now Russian paramilitaries are brought in to protect the military junta, allowing them to stay as long as they want.”
The junta ordered the French forces to leave and Mali is now largely dependent on Wagner for its internal security, a change that is having an immediate impact on ordinary Malians.
“What the Russians have provided is a strike force, with helicopters with advanced capabilities and a lot of firepower,” says Dr Watling. “They are using pretty traditional Soviet anti-partisan methods. You see fighters who were executed, as well as civilians targeted for enabling or being associated with fighters.”
There have been multiple claims that Wagner forces carried out human rights abuses on the African continent, as well as in Ukraine and Syria, where Prigozhin’s organisation previously held a commanding presence.
One of the most well-documented incidents took place in the central Malian town of Moura where, according to a UN report, at least 500 people are believed to have been summarily executed by Malian troops and “armed white men”, who eyewitnesses described as speaking an “unknown language”.
While independent verification has not been possible, Human Rights Watch identified the unknown white attackers as Russian mercenaries.
Image caption,A hundred Russian military specialists arrived in Burkina Faso, along with equipment and weapons last month, with more expected soon
In exchange for considerable, if brutal, security assistance, Wagner required something in return.
Mali, like many African nations, is rich in natural resources – from timber and gold to uranium and lithium. Some are simply valuable, while others have strategic importance as well.
According to Dr Watling, Wagner was operating in a well-established tradition: “There is a standard Russian modus operandi, which is that you cover the operational costs with parallel business activity. In Africa, that is primarily through mining concessions.”
In every country in which it operates, Wagner was reported to have secured valuable natural resources using these to not only cover costs, but also extract significant revenue. Russia has extracted $2.5bn (£2bn) worth of gold from Africa in the past two years, which is likely to have helped fund its war in Ukraine, according to the Blood Gold Report.
This month, Russian fighters – formerly Wagner mercenaries – took control of Mali’s Intahaka gold mine, close to the border with Burkina Faso. The artisanal mine, the largest in northern Mali, had been disputed for many years by various armed groups active in the region.
But there is something else, with potential geopolitical significance.
“We are now observing the Russians attempting to strategically displace Western control of access to critical minerals and resources,” says Dr Watling.
In Mali, the mining code was recently re-written to give the junta greater control over natural resources. That process has already seen an Australian lithium mine suspend trading on its shares, citing uncertainty over the implementation of the code.
While lithium and gold mines are clearly important, according to Dr Watling there is possibly an even greater strategic headache around the corner: “In Niger the Russians are endeavouring to gain a similar set of concessions that would strip French access to the uranium mines in the country.”
Image caption,Many Malians earn their living by mining gold
The report details internal Russian memos focussed on trying to achieve in Niger what was done in Mali. If Russia managed to gain control of West Africa’s uranium mines, Europe could be left exposed once again to what has often been called Russian “energy blackmail”.
France is more dependent on nuclear power than any other country in the world, with 56 reactors producing almost two-thirds of the country’s energy. About a fifth of its uranium is imported from Niger. There have previously been complaints about the terms of trade, with suggestions that the former colonial power exploits nations like Niger.
“The narrative that Russia is pushing is that Western states remain fundamentally colonial in their attitude,” says Dr Watling. “It’s very ironic because the Russian approach, which is to isolate these regimes, capture their elites and to extract their natural resources, is quite colonial.”
In reality, the “Expeditionary Corps” appears more as “Wagner 2.0”, than a radical departure for Russian foreign policy. Prigozhin had built deep political, economic and military ties on the African continent – dismantling this complex web would have been difficult and ultimately counter-productive.
The “Expeditionary Corps” is operating in the same countries, with the same equipment and – it seems – with the same ultimate goal.
According to Dr Watling, the fundamental change lies in “the overtness with which Russia is pursuing its policy”. Prigozhin’s Wagner Group had always provided Russia with a level of plausible deniability in operations and influence abroad.
Following the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, many in the Western security apparatus say that Russia’s mask has slipped.
“What they are looking to do is to exacerbate our crises internationally. They are trying to start fires elsewhere, and expand those that already exist, making a less safe world,” Dr Watling.
“Ultimately, it weakens us in the global competition that we are currently facing. So the impact is not immediately felt, but over time, it is a serious threat.”https://blejermot.com/
Paul Elmstrand, 27, was shot dead at a home in Burnsville on Sunday, alongside another officer and a paramedic.
The gunman had barricaded himself inside with seven children and opened fire as police tried to negotiate.
One other officer and a paramedic died in the incident, which followed a domestic abuse call in the early hours.
Mr Elmstrand’s wife, Cindy Elmstrand-Castruita, told the BBC’s US partner CBS: “I think he just had to be the hero. He had to do what he thought was right to protect those little lives even if it meant putting his at risk and it breaks my heart because now he’s gone.
“But I know that he thought what he did was right.”
She said her husband – who was father to a five-month-old baby and two-year-old – “would drop everything to help someone who was in need, whether it be family, friend or someone on the street”.
“He could have a conversation with anyone and make them feel seen,” she said.
Ruge, also 27, and paramedic Adam Finseth, 40, were also killed in the shooting.
Image caption,Police officers Paul Elmstrand (L) and Matthew Ruge (R) were shot dead, along with paramedic Adam Finseth (C)
State authorities said officers were called at about 01:50 local time (07:50 GMT) to the address in Burnsville, a city about 15 miles (24 km) south of central Minneapolis.
They were responding to a “report of a domestic situation” involving an armed man, said Supt Drew Evans from the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension.
The responders later learned seven children, aged two to 15, were also “barricaded” in the property. They went on to spend “quite a bit of time negotiating with this individual”.
The attacker then opened fire, killing the three victims and inflicting non-life-threatening injuries on a fourth policeman, who was named as Adam Medlicott.
Details of exactly what happened next are not yet clear, though Supt Evans confirmed that the police “did return fire”. Local media said the gunman killed himself.
He is said by Supt Evans to have had “several guns and large amounts of ammunition”, and shot at the first responders from different parts of the home.
He has not yet been named. He was found dead at about 08:00, which left other inhabitants of the home able to escape unharmed.
Ms Elmstrand-Castruita told CBS she learnt about her husband’s death on Sunday morning, after waking up and seeing a text from her friend saying that she was sorry what she was going through.
“I looked out my bedroom window and saw a squad car out there,” she said. “I knew. That’s when I knew he was gone.”
Neighbours on the quiet residential street described their fear as the incident escalated. Jason Skog recalled seeing a large police and Swat presence in his neighbourhood.
Describing the sound of explosions and gunfire, he said it quickly became clear that “something bad was taking place”.
An investigation is under way into what happened, while tributes have been paid by emergency workers in the local area and beyond. A candlelit vigil was held for the victims on Sunday night.
Burnsville police chief Tanya Schwartz said her whole force was “hurting”, while Minnesota Governor Tim Walz described it as a “tragic loss for our state”.
The incident came just days after another mass shooting in another Midwestern state, during which one person was killed and 21 injured in Missouri.
The victims were among a crowd who had been watching a victory parade by the Kansas City Chiefs after the NFL team won the Super Bowl earlier this month.https://blejermot.com/
The Palestine Solidarity Campaign (PSC) march was calling for an immediate ceasefire in the Israel-Gaza war.
Saturday’s march was the first protest to go near the Israeli embassy in west London since a static rally in October.
Some 1,500 officers were deployed to police the protest. Demonstrators said it was one of busiest marches they have attended so far.
Five people were arrested in one incident, on suspicion of assaulting an emergency worker, and police said there were seven other arrests.
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One person was arrested on suspicion of supporting a proscribed organisation, one arrested for obstruction, two arrested on suspicion of refusing to remove a face covering when requested, and a further three for using abusive or threatening words or behaviour or displaying material abusive or likely to stir up racial hatred.
BBC News saw tens of thousands of people at the start of the march at Marble Arch.
PSC criticised the government and Labour for refusing to call for an immediate ceasefire. The campaign group’s Ben Jamal said there was “mounting pressure from world leaders” on Israel.
Image caption,Around 1,500 officers have been deployed on public order duties
It was the first demonstration in the area of the Israeli embassy since a protest was held two days after the 7 October attacks on Israel by Hamas, a group designated as a terror organisation by the UK government.
Police restricted the start time of the march to ensure an event taking place at a synagogue would finish prior to the protest passing by the building.
The march set off along Park Lane around 13:30 GMT, and made its way along Knightsbridge and Kensington Road to near the Israeli embassy in Kensington, where speeches were taking place.
Addressing the crowd, the Palestinians’ top envoy to the UK, Husam Zomlot, said: “Hang on to your anger, hang on to your enragement, hang on to your horror and use it, use it in the pursuit of justice.”
Protesters had been told by police the march must stop by 17:00 and that demonstrators had to leave by 18:00.
Cdr Kyle Gordon appealed for marchers to stay within the law, after the force dealt with a number of offences involving placards and hate speech at previous protests.
The protest faced criticism from Israeli government spokesman Eylon Levy, who accused the march of being “another antisemitic hate parade through London”.
Protests have also taken place in Sydney and Istanbul.
Gaza hospital in ‘catastrophic’ state as Israeli troops raid
Israel Gaza war: History of the conflict explained
Why are Israel and Hamas fighting in Gaza?
Israel launched its military offensive after waves of Hamas fighters burst through Israel’s border on 7 October, killing about 1,200 people – mainly civilians – and taking about 250 others back to Gaza as hostages.
The Hamas-run health ministry in Gaza says more than 28,600 people, mainly women and children – have been killed in Israel’s campaign. Israel says its aim is to destroy Hamas and secure the return of the hostages.
Israel is being urged not to send ground forces into Rafah in southern Gaza and on the Egyptian border, where many Palestinians are living after areas closer to their homes were affected by fighting.
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak has called for a pause to fighting to get aid in and hostages, and a “sustainable ceasefire”.
Foreign Secretary Lord Cameron has said the government supports a “move from a pause – to get aid in and hostages out – towards a sustainable ceasefire, leading to a long term political solution, including a Palestinian state”.
Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer told BBC News on Saturday “we all want to get to a ceasefire” in Gaza, but stopped short of calling for an “immediate” ceasefire.
Speaking at the Munich Security Conference, Sir Keir said: “We do need to get to a ceasefire, we all want to get to a ceasefire. The question is how do we get there? The fighting has to stop. Any assault on Rafah must be repelled, we must not allow that to go ahead”.https://blejermot.com/
At my last donation session, the donor carer who was about to put the needle in my arm asked: “It must feel great being a Neo?”
My baffled face prompted her to show me the bright blue tag that was waiting in the bowl to receive my bag of blood. Neo was written in large font on it. “Your blood is special, it’s going to help the tiniest of patients,” she explained.
Neo stands for neonatal, which is the term used to describe a baby in the first 28 days of life.
As my blood was collected I had a speed lesson about how blood is tested after donation. It turns out some patients – including infants – need specific blood.
I wanted to learn more so I spoke to Dr Andy Charlton, a consultant in haematology and transfusion medicine at NHS Blood and Transplant.
He explained that all donated blood is screened for HIV, hepatitis B, C, and E, as well as syphilis.
Once that has been done, further tests and processes are carried out on some samples to ensure they are suitable for patients who have specific requirements.
For instance, some people need blood that has been “washed” to remove proteins they have previously had allergic reactions to during transfusions.
Common virus
Blood that is destined for new babies, immunocompromised patients, pregnant women or to be transfused into a foetus in-uterine must be screened for a virus called cytomegalovirus or CMV.
Part of the herpes virus family, it is very common and usually harmless, causing mild flu-like symptoms or none at all. But for some people it can be serious.
In babies it can cause seizures, sight and hearing problems as well as damage to the liver and spleen. In rare cases it can be deadly.
Estimates vary but it is thought that between 50 and 80% of adults in the UK have had CMV. As only about 2% of the eligible population in England currently give blood, finding enough donors who have not been exposed to the virus is crucial for supplies.
The blood I donated the previous time was tested and came back clear of antibodies for CMV, meaning I had not been exposed and received the special tag. My blood will be tested for the virus every time I donate, to ensure I have not caught it in the interim.
Immunity to the virus lives forever in white blood cells so if I ever catch it, my blood can no longer be given to these vulnerable patients.
I am one of only 10,916 active donors in England who has CMV-free, B- blood. Over the last year 153,801 units of CMV negative blood products were requested by hospitals.
Dr Charlton says demand for “specialised blood components” is increasing and urges people to come forward to donate.
“We can’t thank our donors enough,” he says. “Every donation of blood is a gift of life and can save more than one person.”
Lifesaver
No-one understands the importance of blood donation better than Hayley Bean. Her daughter Willow’s life was saved soon after birth by a transfusion of CMV-free blood.
Image caption,Hayley Bean with her daughter Willow, who received a blood transfusion soon after she was born
During pregnancy, Hayley was diagnosed with vasa previa, a dangerous condition in which the blood vessels from the placenta or umbilical cord block the birth canal.
The vessels are at risk of rupture at any time and, because they obstruct the baby’s passage out of the uterus, natural birth is impossible.
Hayley was admitted to hospital at 32 weeks for monitoring, and a Caesarean section was planned for 35 weeks.
During the operation, Willow’s blood vessels burst, causing life-threatening bleeding.
Image caption,Willow needed intensive care after she was born
“All the alarms were going off and people were running around,” recalls Hayley.
“They got Willow out and I waited to hear that first cry. It was the worst moment of my life. She wasn’t breathing and had gone into shock. The neonatal team had to resuscitate her. After about 10 minutes I remember finally hearing a tiny cry.”
Willow was taken to intensive care after a nurse quickly took a picture to show Hayley.
“All I remember was how pale and swollen she looked,” she says.
Willow is now a thriving four-year-old, and Hayley is eternally grateful for the treatment her daughter received.
“She was in intensive care for five days but there was no permanent damage, thanks to her getting that blood transfusion,” says Hayley.
“She wouldn’t be here today except for the kindness of a stranger. Someone, somewhere made the choice to give blood, and it’s thanks to them that Willow is here today.”
A few days after my first Neo donation, the text I had been waiting for came through. It told me which hospital my blood had been issued to. I smiled and wished the little one well.https://blejermot.com/
